雅思IELTS詞彙：健康與體能
健康與體能的問題從Part 1就開始出現，包括運動習慣、睡眠和日常飲食，接著延續到Part 2以保持健康或最愛運動為主題的題卡（cue card）、Part 3有關動機與公共衛生的討論，以及Writing（寫作）Task 2中有關肥胖或生活方式改變的作文。由於幾乎每位考生在這裡都有話可說，考官聽的重點不是內容，而是詞彙聽起來是出自真實生活，還是事先背好的。
在Band 7，關鍵是從籠統的形容詞轉向具體的詞語搭配：「build up stamina」和「maintain a healthy weight」所展現的掌控力，光靠「get fit」和「stay healthy」是做不到的。這個主題最常見的錯誤有三個：把「healthy」當成萬用形容詞反覆使用；用「very tired」或「very good」，而不用「recover」或「overexert」這類精準的動詞；以及一味使用聽起來像醫學用語卻用錯的字，而不相信更簡單、自然的說法。
這個主題會出現在哪裡
- Part 1關於你自己生活的暖身題目，例如「Do you do any exercise regularly?」，下方還有另外4題。
- Part 2針對題卡進行1～2分鐘的個人陳述，例如Describe something you do to stay healthy, Describe a sport or physical activity you enjoy, Describe a sport or activity that your best friend does。
- Part 3較抽象的追問，也是精準用語最重要的地方，例如「Why do some people find it hard to stay motivated to exercise?」。
- Writing Task 2關於「健康與體能」的作文題目，同樣會獎勵這些片語：你能說出口的詞語搭配，就能寫進作文。
與其說…不如說…
想法相同，用詞更精準。左欄是大多數考生最先想到的說法；右欄是考官聽起來更精準的說法。
| 常見說法 | 更好的說法 |
|---|---|
| exercise is good for you | regular exercise improves both physical and mental health說出兩個具體的好處，而不只是「good」 |
| I try to eat healthy food | I try to eat a balanced diet考官在這個主題預期會聽到的標準詞語搭配 |
| I feel tired after work | I feel drained after a long shift比平淡的「tired」更精準的形容詞 |
| I want to lose some weight | I want to shed a few pounds自然的慣用語，聽起來不像翻譯句 |
| I stopped eating junk food | I gave up junk food這裡口語上自然的選擇是片語動詞 |
| he got hurt playing football | he picked up an injury playing football考官認為自然、不是直譯的詞語搭配 |
| I started doing yoga | I took up yoga last year開始一項嗜好，自然的動詞是「take up」 |
| sitting all day is bad for you | a sedentary lifestyle increases health risks正式的名詞片語，適合Part 3的討論 |
依分數分類的片語
每個片語都附上意思，以及一個你實際說得出口的句子。請學整個句子，而不是只學單獨的單字。
Band 6：基本片語
清楚、正確、常見。用這些就能撐起整個回答，而且聽起來不像背好的。
-
exercise
單字為保持健康而進行的身體活動
I try to exercise at least three times a week.
-
stay healthy
詞語搭配讓身體和心理保持良好狀態
Walking to work every day helps me stay healthy.
-
eat a balanced diet
詞語搭配吃各種食物，且分量適當
My mother always taught us to eat a balanced diet.
-
go to the gym
詞語搭配去有運動器材的場所
I go to the gym most mornings before work.
-
physical activity
詞語搭配任何消耗能量的動作，例如走路或運動
Doctors recommend at least thirty minutes of physical activity a day.
-
junk food
詞語搭配不健康但通常方便又好吃的食物
I used to eat a lot of junk food as a student.
-
lose weight
詞語搭配減輕體重
My brother started running because he wanted to lose weight.
-
feel tired
詞語搭配覺得沒有精力
I usually feel tired if I skip breakfast.
-
healthy lifestyle
詞語搭配讓你保持健康的生活方式
My parents have always had a healthy lifestyle.
-
get enough sleep
詞語搭配睡足夠的時數
I struggle to get enough sleep during exam periods.
Band 7：詞語搭配
天生就會放在一起的詞。從這裡開始，詞彙就會拉開Band 6和Band 7的差距。
-
work out
片語動詞運動，尤其指有固定安排的訓練
I usually work out at home before breakfast.
-
build up stamina
詞語搭配逐步提高持續活動的體力
It took months of running to build up stamina for the race.
-
burn calories
詞語搭配透過身體活動消耗食物提供的能量
Swimming is a great way to burn calories without feeling exhausted.
-
cut out sugar
片語動詞完全不再吃或喝某樣東西
I decided to cut out sugar from my diet this year.
-
take up a new sport
片語動詞開始把一項運動當作新的嗜好
I've always wanted to take up a new sport like climbing.
-
stick to a routine
詞語搭配持續遵守固定的計畫而不放棄
The hardest part of getting fit is learning to stick to a routine.
-
shed a few pounds
慣用語減掉一點體重
I just wanted to shed a few pounds before the summer.
-
give up junk food
片語動詞不再吃不健康的食物
My flatmate managed to give up junk food completely last year.
-
maintain a healthy weight
詞語搭配讓體重維持在穩定、健康的水準
Eating regularly, not skipping meals, helps me maintain a healthy weight.
-
recover from an injury
詞語搭配受傷後痊癒並恢復正常
It took him almost a year to recover from an injury to his knee.
-
warm up
片語動詞運動前讓身體先溫和地做好準備
I always warm up for ten minutes before I go for a run.
-
push yourself too hard
詞語搭配試圖做超出身體能安全負荷的事
I learned the hard way not to push yourself too hard at the gym.
Band 8：精準用語
精準，而且常常是慣用語。只在真正合適的地方用，不要當成裝飾。
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sedentary lifestyle
詞語搭配幾乎不怎麼活動身體的生活方式
Working from a desk all day has given me a sedentary lifestyle.
-
hit a plateau
慣用語進步一段時間後停滯不前
My weight loss hit a plateau after the first couple of months.
-
overexert yourself
單字把身體逼到超出安全或舒適的極限
The trainer warned me not to overexert yourself in the first session.
-
holistic approach to health
詞語搭配把飲食、運動和心理健康視為彼此相連
My doctor recommends a holistic approach to health rather than quick fixes.
-
bounce back from illness
慣用語生病後快速且完全地恢復
It took a while, but I managed to bounce back from illness eventually.
-
wear and tear
慣用語長時間經常使用造成的逐漸損耗
Years of running have caused some wear and tear on my knees.
-
peak physical condition
詞語搭配身體所能達到的最佳體能狀態
Athletes train for years to reach peak physical condition before a competition.
-
underlying health condition
詞語搭配影響整體健康的既有醫療問題
My grandfather has to be careful because of an underlying health condition.
自我測驗
從上方例句中挑出8個句子，並把片語拿掉。選出適合填入空格的片語：按1～4或直接點選。
第1題，共8題
大聲說出來練習
只讀過的片語還不是你的。大聲回答這些題目，數一數上方的片語中有多少是你實際用得上的。
Part 1題目
- Do you do any exercise regularly?
- What do you usually eat in a typical day?
- Did you play any sports when you were a child?
- How important is sleep for you?
- Do you prefer exercising alone or with other people?
Part 3題目
- Why do some people find it hard to stay motivated to exercise?
- Should schools spend more time on physical education?
- How has technology changed the way people exercise?
- Is it the government's job to reduce obesity, or is it a personal responsibility?
- Why do you think fitness trends change so often?
常見問題
可以把「workout」當名詞、「work out」當動詞來說嗎？
可以。「A workout」（名詞）和「to work out」（動詞，分成兩個字）都正確，也很常用，只要在同一個回答裡把拼寫的區別保持一致即可。
這個主題需要背醫學或科學術語嗎？
不需要。健康主題的Lexical Resource（詞彙資源）重視「build up stamina」或「maintain a healthy weight」這類自然的詞語搭配，遠勝過你可能用錯的專業術語。
健康主題最常見的詞彙錯誤是什麼？
幾乎每句話都重複「healthy」和「good for you」。在「recover」、「maintain」、「improve」等具體動詞之間變換，才能維持考官想聽到的詞彙廣度。