雅思IELTS詞彙：家庭與人際關係
家庭與人際關係會貫穿整個Speaking（口說）考試：從Part 1問你和誰同住這類簡單問題，到Part 2描述一位家人或相交多年的朋友的題卡（cue card），再到Part 3討論家庭結構或友誼如何隨世代改變。這也是Writing（寫作）Task 2常見的主題，尤其是關於世代差異或家庭在社會中角色的作文。
在Lexical Resource（詞彙資源）方面，考官會注意考生描述親近與衝突時，是否只會用「close」和「good friend」。像「close-knit family」這類自然的詞語搭配，或「grow apart」和「patch things up」這類片語動詞，比對每段關係都重複同一個形容詞，更能顯示詞彙的廣度。
常見的錯誤包括：不論情境，對每段關係都過度使用「very close」；形容意見不合時只說「we fought」，聽起來突兀又含糊；以及為了聽起來更高階，把「a heart of gold」這類慣用語硬塞進不自然的句子裡。
這個主題會出現在哪裡
- Part 1關於你自己生活的暖身題目，例如「Who are you closest to in your family?」，下方還有另外4題。
- Part 2針對題卡進行1～2分鐘的個人陳述，例如Describe a family member you spend a lot of time with, Describe a friend you have known for a long time, Describe a person who has inspired you。
- Part 3較抽象的追問，也是精準用語最重要的地方，例如「Do you think family structures have changed much in recent generations?」。
- Writing Task 2關於「家庭與人際關係」的作文題目，同樣會獎勵這些片語：你能說出口的詞語搭配，就能寫進作文。
與其說…不如說…
想法相同，用詞更精準。左欄是大多數考生最先想到的說法；右欄是考官聽起來更精準的說法。
| 常見說法 | 更好的說法 |
|---|---|
| we are very close | we have a close-knit bond自然的詞語搭配，取代「very close」 |
| she is a very kind person | she has a heart of gold道地的說法，更溫暖、更具體 |
| we don't agree sometimes | we occasionally butt heads考官認可、比較少見的自然慣用片語 |
| he helped me a lot growing up | he was a real role model growing up比籠統的數量說法更精準的名詞 |
| we talk about everything | we can talk openly about anything增加精準度，副詞的位置也更自然 |
| my parents let me make my own choices | my parents gave me a lot of independence比冗長的子句更簡潔的詞語搭配 |
| we became friends quickly | we hit it off straight away形容一見如故的慣用片語 |
| she always supports me | she's always there for me自然、溫暖的口語用法 |
依分數分類的片語
每個片語都附上意思，以及一個你實際說得出口的句子。請學整個句子，而不是只學單獨的單字。
Band 6：基本片語
清楚、正確、常見。用這些就能撐起整個回答，而且聽起來不像背好的。
-
close relationship
詞語搭配情感連結很強的關係
I have a close relationship with my younger sister.
-
get along with
片語動詞與某人相處融洽
I get along with most of my cousins really well.
-
look up to
片語動詞欽佩並尊敬某人
I still look up to my older brother more than anyone else.
-
spend quality time
詞語搭配與某人度過有價值、專注的時光
We try to spend quality time together every weekend.
-
raise a family
詞語搭配養育子女
My parents chose to raise a family in a quiet neighbourhood.
-
keep in touch
詞語搭配與某人保持聯絡
We still keep in touch even though she moved abroad.
-
trust each other
詞語搭配相信彼此的誠實和可靠
My best friend and I trust each other completely.
-
family values
詞語搭配一個家庭所堅持並傳承的道德原則
I grew up with pretty traditional family values.
-
fall out with
片語動詞與某人爭吵而不再友好
We sometimes fall out with each other over the smallest things.
-
reliable friend
詞語搭配隨時可以依靠的朋友
She's the most reliable friend I've ever had.
Band 7：詞語搭配
天生就會放在一起的詞。從這裡開始，詞彙就會拉開Band 6和Band 7的差距。
-
close-knit
詞語搭配彼此關係緊密，通常用來形容家庭
My extended family is very close-knit; we see each other constantly.
-
grow apart
片語動詞與某人漸漸不再那麼親近
Close friends sometimes grow apart once they move to different cities.
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see eye to eye
慣用語在某件事上與某人意見一致
My dad and I don't always see eye to eye about my career.
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patch things up
片語動詞化解分歧並修復關係
We had an argument last year but managed to patch things up quickly.
-
role model
詞語搭配行為值得效仿的人
My grandmother has always been a role model for me.
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bring up
片語動詞養育並照顧孩子
My parents always tried to bring up their children with strong values.
-
sibling rivalry
詞語搭配兄弟姊妹之間的競爭或嫉妒
There was a bit of sibling rivalry between us when we were younger.
-
hit it off
慣用語一見面就喜歡對方並相處融洽
We hit it off the moment we started chatting at university.
-
extended family
詞語搭配同住家庭以外的親戚
Our extended family gets together every summer for a big reunion.
-
butt heads
慣用語與某人反覆意見不合或爭吵
We occasionally butt heads over small things, but nothing serious.
-
bond over
片語動詞因共同的興趣而建立更親近的關係
It's nice when new friends bond over a shared interest so quickly.
-
confide in
片語動詞向某人傾訴私密的想法或煩惱
She's the person I confide in whenever something's bothering me.
Band 8：精準用語
精準，而且常常是慣用語。只在真正合適的地方用，不要當成裝飾。
-
a heart of gold
慣用語非常善良、慷慨的天性
My grandmother has a heart of gold and would help anyone.
-
unconditional support
詞語搭配沒有任何限制或條件的支持
My parents have always given me unconditional support, whatever I chose to do.
-
a formative influence
詞語搭配對某人性格有深刻塑造作用的人或經歷
My aunt was a formative influence on how I see the world.
-
drift apart
片語動詞關係隨時間漸漸不再親近
We were inseparable once, but we do seem to drift apart with distance.
-
an unbreakable bond
詞語搭配極其牢固而持久的連結
My sister and I share an unbreakable bond despite living on different continents.
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nurture a relationship
詞語搭配用心照顧並經營一段關係
You have to nurture a relationship constantly, not just when it's convenient.
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stand by
片語動詞忠誠地支持某人，尤其是在困難時
No matter what happens, my sister will always stand by me.
-
a shoulder to cry on
慣用語在困難時給予情感慰藉的人
Whenever things go wrong, my best friend is always a shoulder to cry on.
自我測驗
從上方例句中挑出8個句子，並把片語拿掉。選出適合填入空格的片語：按1～4或直接點選。
第1題，共8題
大聲說出來練習
只讀過的片語還不是你的。大聲回答這些題目，數一數上方的片語中有多少是你實際用得上的。
Part 1題目
- Who are you closest to in your family?
- Do you think it's important to spend time with family every day?
- How has your relationship with your parents changed over time?
- What kind of qualities do you look for in a friend?
- Do you prefer spending time with a large group of friends or one close friend?
Part 3題目
- Do you think family structures have changed much in recent generations?
- How does technology affect the way families communicate?
- Should adult children be expected to look after their elderly parents?
- Why do some friendships last a lifetime while others fade quickly?
- Is it harder to make close friends as an adult than as a child?
常見問題
考試中可以說「close relationship」嗎？
可以，這是準確又日常的詞語搭配，不過再搭配更具體的細節，能展現你對這個主題更強的掌控力。
為什麼「hit it off」是比「became friends quickly」更強的選擇？
這是考官通常認可、較少見的自然慣用語，同時又能順暢地融入句子。
每個回答都要用家庭相關的慣用語嗎？
不需要，只在自然合適的地方使用；把慣用語硬塞進無關的句子，可能會損害Fluency and Coherence（流暢度與連貫性）。