IELTS uchun soʻz boyligi: Atrof-muhit
Atrof-muhit lugʻati imtihon davomida doimiy uchraydi: Part 1’da qayta ishlash yoki transport haqidagi savollar, Part 2’da tabiiy joy yoki qiziqarli hayvonni tasvirlaydigan kartochkalar, Part 3’da hukumat va shaxs masʼuliyati haqidagi muhokamalar, hamda ifloslanish yoki iqlim siyosati haqidagi Writing Task 2 insholari. Mavzu shu qadar bashorat qilinadigan boʻlgani uchun, ekzaminatorlar nomzodda haqiqiy soʻz boyligi bor-yoʻqligini yoki u faqat bir xil uchta iborani takrorlayotganini tezda sezadi.
Bu yerda Band 6 va Band 7 javobini ajratib turadigan narsa kamdan-kam hollarda soʻzlarning oʻzi — bu aniqlik va collocation. “Pollution is very bad” deyish tushunarli, lekin umumiy; “air quality has deteriorated” deyish esa oʻzgarishni nomlaydi va tabiiy soʻz birikmalarini nazorat qilishni koʻrsatadi. Eng koʻp uchraydigan xatolar: aniq muammoni nomlash oʻrniga “the environment”ni umumiy ot sifatida haddan tashqari koʻp ishlatish, “greenwashing” kabi kamdan-kam soʻzni toʻgʻri gapda ishlata olmasdan qoʻllash, va savolning mazmuniga qarab qayta ishlash, chiqindilar, hayvonot dunyosi va resurslar orasida farqlamasdan deyarli har bir javobda “protect nature”ni takrorlash.
Bu mavzu qayerda uchraydi
- Part 1Oʻzingiz haqingizdagi kirish savollari — “Do you do anything to help the environment?”, va yana toʻrt tasi quyida.
- Part 2Describe a natural place you have visited, Describe an animal you find interesting kabi kartada ikki daqiqalik javob.
- Part 3Aniqlik eng muhim boʻlgan mavhum davom savollari — “Should governments or individuals take responsibility for reducing pollution?”.
- Writing Task 2atrof-muhit boʻyicha insho savollari xuddi shu iboralarni talab qiladi — aytishni bilgan collocationni yozishni ham bilasiz.
Buning oʻrniga… shunday ayting…
Gʻoya bir xil, soʻzlar aniqroq. Chap ustunda koʻpchilik nomzodlar birinchi oʻylab topadigan soʻz, oʻng ustunda ekzaminator aniq deb qabul qiladigan soʻz turibdi.
| Buning oʻrniga | Ayting |
|---|---|
| pollution is very bad | air quality has deterioratedmuammoning oʻzini va yoʻnalishini aniq nomlaydi |
| people should not waste things | people should cut down on wastetabiiy feʼl birikmasi, qatʼiy buyruq emas |
| the weather is changing a lot | weather patterns have become more extremeaniq va ekzaminatorlar ishlatadigan uslubga mos |
| we need to use less plastic | we need to reduce single-use plasticshunchaki "plastik" emas, aynan turkumini nomlaydi |
| factories make the air dirty | factories emit harmful pollutants"emit" feʼli "ifloslantirish"dan koʻra aniqroq |
| animals are dying out because of us | human activity is driving species to extinctionPart 3 muhokamasiga mos rasmiy uslub |
| it is good for nature | it benefits the local ecosystem"ecosystem" "nature"dan koʻra aniqroq |
| the government should do something about it | the government should enforce stricter regulations"nimadir qilish" oʻrniga aniq harakatni nomlaydi |
Band boʻyicha iboralar
Har bir ibora maʼnosi va aytishingiz mumkin boʻlgan bitta gap bilan beriladi. Soʻzning oʻzini emas, gapni yodlang.
Band 6 uchun zarur iboralar
Aniq, toʻgʻri, keng tarqalgan. Bular yod olingandek eshitilmasdan butun javobni koʻtarib turadi.
-
pollution
soʻzhavo, suv yoki tuproqqa zarar yetkazadigan zararli moddalar
In my city, pollution gets much worse in winter because of traffic.
-
recycle
soʻzishlatilgan materiallarni qayta ishlatish uchun qayta ishlash
My family started to recycle paper and bottles a few years ago.
-
climate change
collocationglobal harorat va ob-havo naqshlaridagi uzoq muddatli oʻzgarish
I think climate change is the biggest problem my generation will face.
-
natural resources
collocationsuv, yogʻoch yoki foydali qazilma kabi tabiiy materiallar
My country has a lot of natural resources, especially forests and rivers.
-
renewable energy
collocationquyosh yoki shamol kabi tugamaydigan manbalardan olinadigan energiya
More houses near me are switching to renewable energy like solar panels.
-
protect the environment
collocationtabiatga zarar yetmasligi uchun harakat qilish
I try to protect the environment by walking instead of driving short distances.
-
plastic waste
collocationtashlab yuborilgan plastik chiqindilar
There is so much plastic waste on the beaches near my hometown.
-
wildlife
soʻzoʻz tabiiy muhitida yashaydigan hayvon va oʻsimliklar
The national park near my city protects a lot of local wildlife.
-
public transport
collocationhammaga ochiq boʻlgan avtobus, poyezd kabi transport
I take public transport to work because it produces less pollution than driving.
-
carbon emissions
collocationhavoga chiqariladigan karbonat angidrid miqdori
Factories in my region are being asked to lower their carbon emissions.
Band 7 collocationlari
Bir-biriga mos keladigan soʻzlar. Aynan shu yerda soʻz boyligi 6 va 7 ni ajrata boshlaydi.
-
carbon footprint
collocationfaoliyatingiz natijasida chiqadigan karbonat angidrid miqdori
Flying less is the easiest way to shrink my carbon footprint.
-
phase out
frazaviy feʼlbiror narsani asta-sekin ishlatishdan toʻxtatish
My country plans to phase out petrol cars over the next decade.
-
take a toll on
iboraasta-sekin zarar yoki shikast yetkazish
I think years of overfishing take a toll on local fish populations.
-
die out
frazaviy feʼlbutunlay yoʻqolish yoki tugab bitish
Several bird species in the area have started to die out.
-
environmentally friendly
collocationtabiatga deyarli yoki umuman zarar keltirmaydigan
I always look for environmentally friendly packaging when I go shopping.
-
deplete natural resources
collocationresurslarni tiklanish tezligidan koʻra tezroq sarflab tugatish
Heavy industry in the region continues to deplete natural resources quickly.
-
dwindling resources
collocationasta-sekin kamayib borayotgan resurs zaxirasi
Farmers in the area are already struggling with dwindling resources like water.
-
curb emissions
collocationhavoga chiqadigan zararli gazlarni cheklash yoki kamaytirish
New taxes on fuel are meant to curb emissions from private cars.
-
crack down on
frazaviy feʼlgʻayriqonuniy ishni toʻxtatish uchun qattiq chora koʻrish
Authorities have started to crack down on illegal logging in the forest.
-
raise awareness
collocationkoʻproq odamga muammoni tushunish yoki sezishga yordam berish
Our school ran a campaign to raise awareness about ocean plastic.
-
single-use plastic
collocationbir marta ishlatib tashlanadigan plastik buyumlar
My city banned single-use plastic bags in supermarkets last year.
-
tackle climate change
collocationiqlim oʻzgarishiga qarshi bevosita chora koʻrish
Young people I know feel we should tackle climate change more urgently.
Band 8 aniqligi
Aniq va koʻpincha idiomatik. Faqat haqiqatan mos kelganda ishlating, bezak sifatida emas.
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irreversible damage
collocationtuzatib boʻlmaydigan zarar
Scientists warn that some coral reefs have already suffered irreversible damage.
-
a drop in the ocean
iborahaqiqiy farq yaratish uchun juda kichik miqdor
One recycling bin per street feels like a drop in the ocean.
-
greenwashing
soʻzmahsulot yoki kompaniyani yolgʻondan atrof-muhitga zararsiz deb koʻrsatish
Some brands are guilty of greenwashing rather than making real changes.
-
unsustainable practices
collocationdavom etsa, albatta zarar keltiradigan ish yuritish usullari
The fishing industry there has relied on unsustainable practices for decades.
-
biodiversity loss
collocationhududdagi turli tur va yashash muhitlarining kamayishi
Deforestation is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss worldwide.
-
at the mercy of
iborabiror narsaga nisbatan toʻliq himoyasiz, nazoratsiz holatda
Coastal towns are increasingly at the mercy of rising sea levels.
-
offset
soʻzbir taʼsirni qarshi harakat bilan muvozanatlash
Some airlines let passengers offset the emissions from their flight.
-
the tipping point
collocationoʻzgarish qaytarib boʻlmaydigan yoki toʻxtatib boʻlmaydigan lahza
Some scientists believe we are close to the tipping point on ice loss.
Oʻzingizni sinab koʻring
Yuqoridagi misollardan olingan 8 ta gap, ulardan ibora olib tashlangan. Boʻsh joyga mos keladigan iborani tanlang — 1–4 tugmasini bosing yoki bosing.
8 tadan 1-savol
Ovoz chiqarib mashq qiling
Faqat oʻqilgan ibora hali sizniki emas. Bu savollarga ovoz chiqarib javob bering va yuqoridagi iboralardan qanchasini haqiqatan ishlatganingizni sanang.
Part 1 savollari
- Do you do anything to help the environment?
- Is recycling common where you live?
- How do you usually travel around your city?
- Are there many parks or green spaces near your home?
- Do you think people in your country care about the environment?
Part 3 savollari
- Should governments or individuals take responsibility for reducing pollution?
- Why do some countries do more to protect the environment than others?
- What can schools do to teach children about environmental issues?
- Is it possible for economic growth and environmental protection to happen together?
- How might daily life change if climate change gets worse?
Koʻp beriladigan savollar
"Global warming" va "climate change"ni bir xil maʼnoda ishlatsa boʻladimi?
Kundalik nutqda ha — ekzaminatorlar buning uchun ball kamaytirmaydi. "Climate change" kengroq va zamonaviyroq atama boʻlib, Speaking va Writing Task 2'da ham ishonchli ishlaydi.
Atrof-muhit mavzusida yaxshi ball olish uchun ilmiy lugʻat kerakmi?
Yoʻq. Soʻz boyligi (Lexical Resource) "carbon footprint" yoki "renewable energy" kabi aniq va tabiiy collocationlarni, stress ostida notoʻgʻri ishlatilishi mumkin boʻlgan texnik atamalardan koʻra yuqori baholaydi.
Ushbu mavzuda eng koʻp uchraydigan lugʻat xatosi nima?
Deyarli har bir gapda "the environment is very important" va "we should protect nature" iborasini takrorlash. Ot birikmasi va feʼlni oʻzgartirib turish soʻz boyligini yuqori saqlaydi.
Boshqa mavzular
Media va koʻngilochar sohasi
Media va koʻngilochar sohasi mavzusida IELTS uchun Band 6, 7 va 8 iboralari, kuchaytirish juftliklari va Part 1, 2 hamda 3 uchun tabiiy soʻzlashuv namunalari.
Shaharlar va transport
Shaharlar va transport mavzusidagi IELTS Speaking lugʻati — Band 6 asoslari, Band 7 collocationlari va ekzaminatorlar aniq deb hisoblaydigan Band 8 iboralari.
Texnologiya
Texnologiya mavzusidagi IELTS Speaking va Writing lugʻati — Band 6 asoslari, Band 7 collocationlari va ekzaminatorlar aniq hisoblaydigan Band 8 iboralari.