IELTS lugʻati · Jamiyat va dunyo

IELTS uchun soʻz boyligi: Atrof-muhit

Atrof-muhit lugʻati imtihon davomida doimiy uchraydi: Part 1’da qayta ishlash yoki transport haqidagi savollar, Part 2’da tabiiy joy yoki qiziqarli hayvonni tasvirlaydigan kartochkalar, Part 3’da hukumat va shaxs masʼuliyati haqidagi muhokamalar, hamda ifloslanish yoki iqlim siyosati haqidagi Writing Task 2 insholari. Mavzu shu qadar bashorat qilinadigan boʻlgani uchun, ekzaminatorlar nomzodda haqiqiy soʻz boyligi bor-yoʻqligini yoki u faqat bir xil uchta iborani takrorlayotganini tezda sezadi.

Bu yerda Band 6 va Band 7 javobini ajratib turadigan narsa kamdan-kam hollarda soʻzlarning oʻzi — bu aniqlik va collocation. “Pollution is very bad” deyish tushunarli, lekin umumiy; “air quality has deteriorated” deyish esa oʻzgarishni nomlaydi va tabiiy soʻz birikmalarini nazorat qilishni koʻrsatadi. Eng koʻp uchraydigan xatolar: aniq muammoni nomlash oʻrniga “the environment”ni umumiy ot sifatida haddan tashqari koʻp ishlatish, “greenwashing” kabi kamdan-kam soʻzni toʻgʻri gapda ishlata olmasdan qoʻllash, va savolning mazmuniga qarab qayta ishlash, chiqindilar, hayvonot dunyosi va resurslar orasida farqlamasdan deyarli har bir javobda “protect nature”ni takrorlash.

Bu mavzu qayerda uchraydi

  • Part 1Oʻzingiz haqingizdagi kirish savollari — “Do you do anything to help the environment?”, va yana toʻrt tasi quyida.
  • Part 2Describe a natural place you have visited, Describe an animal you find interesting kabi kartada ikki daqiqalik javob.
  • Part 3Aniqlik eng muhim boʻlgan mavhum davom savollari — “Should governments or individuals take responsibility for reducing pollution?”.
  • Writing Task 2atrof-muhit boʻyicha insho savollari xuddi shu iboralarni talab qiladi — aytishni bilgan collocationni yozishni ham bilasiz.

Buning oʻrniga… shunday ayting…

Gʻoya bir xil, soʻzlar aniqroq. Chap ustunda koʻpchilik nomzodlar birinchi oʻylab topadigan soʻz, oʻng ustunda ekzaminator aniq deb qabul qiladigan soʻz turibdi.

Buning oʻrnigaAyting
pollution is very bad air quality has deterioratedmuammoning oʻzini va yoʻnalishini aniq nomlaydi
people should not waste things people should cut down on wastetabiiy feʼl birikmasi, qatʼiy buyruq emas
the weather is changing a lot weather patterns have become more extremeaniq va ekzaminatorlar ishlatadigan uslubga mos
we need to use less plastic we need to reduce single-use plasticshunchaki "plastik" emas, aynan turkumini nomlaydi
factories make the air dirty factories emit harmful pollutants"emit" feʼli "ifloslantirish"dan koʻra aniqroq
animals are dying out because of us human activity is driving species to extinctionPart 3 muhokamasiga mos rasmiy uslub
it is good for nature it benefits the local ecosystem"ecosystem" "nature"dan koʻra aniqroq
the government should do something about it the government should enforce stricter regulations"nimadir qilish" oʻrniga aniq harakatni nomlaydi

Band boʻyicha iboralar

Har bir ibora maʼnosi va aytishingiz mumkin boʻlgan bitta gap bilan beriladi. Soʻzning oʻzini emas, gapni yodlang.

Band 6

Band 6 uchun zarur iboralar

Aniq, toʻgʻri, keng tarqalgan. Bular yod olingandek eshitilmasdan butun javobni koʻtarib turadi.

  • pollution

    soʻz

    havo, suv yoki tuproqqa zarar yetkazadigan zararli moddalar

    In my city, pollution gets much worse in winter because of traffic.

  • recycle

    soʻz

    ishlatilgan materiallarni qayta ishlatish uchun qayta ishlash

    My family started to recycle paper and bottles a few years ago.

  • climate change

    collocation

    global harorat va ob-havo naqshlaridagi uzoq muddatli oʻzgarish

    I think climate change is the biggest problem my generation will face.

  • natural resources

    collocation

    suv, yogʻoch yoki foydali qazilma kabi tabiiy materiallar

    My country has a lot of natural resources, especially forests and rivers.

  • renewable energy

    collocation

    quyosh yoki shamol kabi tugamaydigan manbalardan olinadigan energiya

    More houses near me are switching to renewable energy like solar panels.

  • protect the environment

    collocation

    tabiatga zarar yetmasligi uchun harakat qilish

    I try to protect the environment by walking instead of driving short distances.

  • plastic waste

    collocation

    tashlab yuborilgan plastik chiqindilar

    There is so much plastic waste on the beaches near my hometown.

  • wildlife

    soʻz

    oʻz tabiiy muhitida yashaydigan hayvon va oʻsimliklar

    The national park near my city protects a lot of local wildlife.

  • public transport

    collocation

    hammaga ochiq boʻlgan avtobus, poyezd kabi transport

    I take public transport to work because it produces less pollution than driving.

  • carbon emissions

    collocation

    havoga chiqariladigan karbonat angidrid miqdori

    Factories in my region are being asked to lower their carbon emissions.

Band 7

Band 7 collocationlari

Bir-biriga mos keladigan soʻzlar. Aynan shu yerda soʻz boyligi 6 va 7 ni ajrata boshlaydi.

  • carbon footprint

    collocation

    faoliyatingiz natijasida chiqadigan karbonat angidrid miqdori

    Flying less is the easiest way to shrink my carbon footprint.

  • phase out

    frazaviy feʼl

    biror narsani asta-sekin ishlatishdan toʻxtatish

    My country plans to phase out petrol cars over the next decade.

  • take a toll on

    ibora

    asta-sekin zarar yoki shikast yetkazish

    I think years of overfishing take a toll on local fish populations.

  • die out

    frazaviy feʼl

    butunlay yoʻqolish yoki tugab bitish

    Several bird species in the area have started to die out.

  • environmentally friendly

    collocation

    tabiatga deyarli yoki umuman zarar keltirmaydigan

    I always look for environmentally friendly packaging when I go shopping.

  • deplete natural resources

    collocation

    resurslarni tiklanish tezligidan koʻra tezroq sarflab tugatish

    Heavy industry in the region continues to deplete natural resources quickly.

  • dwindling resources

    collocation

    asta-sekin kamayib borayotgan resurs zaxirasi

    Farmers in the area are already struggling with dwindling resources like water.

  • curb emissions

    collocation

    havoga chiqadigan zararli gazlarni cheklash yoki kamaytirish

    New taxes on fuel are meant to curb emissions from private cars.

  • crack down on

    frazaviy feʼl

    gʻayriqonuniy ishni toʻxtatish uchun qattiq chora koʻrish

    Authorities have started to crack down on illegal logging in the forest.

  • raise awareness

    collocation

    koʻproq odamga muammoni tushunish yoki sezishga yordam berish

    Our school ran a campaign to raise awareness about ocean plastic.

  • single-use plastic

    collocation

    bir marta ishlatib tashlanadigan plastik buyumlar

    My city banned single-use plastic bags in supermarkets last year.

  • tackle climate change

    collocation

    iqlim oʻzgarishiga qarshi bevosita chora koʻrish

    Young people I know feel we should tackle climate change more urgently.

Band 8

Band 8 aniqligi

Aniq va koʻpincha idiomatik. Faqat haqiqatan mos kelganda ishlating, bezak sifatida emas.

  • irreversible damage

    collocation

    tuzatib boʻlmaydigan zarar

    Scientists warn that some coral reefs have already suffered irreversible damage.

  • a drop in the ocean

    ibora

    haqiqiy farq yaratish uchun juda kichik miqdor

    One recycling bin per street feels like a drop in the ocean.

  • greenwashing

    soʻz

    mahsulot yoki kompaniyani yolgʻondan atrof-muhitga zararsiz deb koʻrsatish

    Some brands are guilty of greenwashing rather than making real changes.

  • unsustainable practices

    collocation

    davom etsa, albatta zarar keltiradigan ish yuritish usullari

    The fishing industry there has relied on unsustainable practices for decades.

  • biodiversity loss

    collocation

    hududdagi turli tur va yashash muhitlarining kamayishi

    Deforestation is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss worldwide.

  • at the mercy of

    ibora

    biror narsaga nisbatan toʻliq himoyasiz, nazoratsiz holatda

    Coastal towns are increasingly at the mercy of rising sea levels.

  • offset

    soʻz

    bir taʼsirni qarshi harakat bilan muvozanatlash

    Some airlines let passengers offset the emissions from their flight.

  • the tipping point

    collocation

    oʻzgarish qaytarib boʻlmaydigan yoki toʻxtatib boʻlmaydigan lahza

    Some scientists believe we are close to the tipping point on ice loss.

Oʻzingizni sinab koʻring

Yuqoridagi misollardan olingan 8 ta gap, ulardan ibora olib tashlangan. Boʻsh joyga mos keladigan iborani tanlang — 14 tugmasini bosing yoki bosing.

Darhol AI fikri bilan mashq qiling

Ilovada javobingizni yozib oling — grammatika, soʻz boyligi, ravonlik va talaffuzingiz soniyalar ichida tahlil qilinadi.

Ovoz chiqarib mashq qiling

Faqat oʻqilgan ibora hali sizniki emas. Bu savollarga ovoz chiqarib javob bering va yuqoridagi iboralardan qanchasini haqiqatan ishlatganingizni sanang.

Part 1 savollari

  • Do you do anything to help the environment?
  • Is recycling common where you live?
  • How do you usually travel around your city?
  • Are there many parks or green spaces near your home?
  • Do you think people in your country care about the environment?

Part 3 savollari

  • Should governments or individuals take responsibility for reducing pollution?
  • Why do some countries do more to protect the environment than others?
  • What can schools do to teach children about environmental issues?
  • Is it possible for economic growth and environmental protection to happen together?
  • How might daily life change if climate change gets worse?

Koʻp beriladigan savollar

"Global warming" va "climate change"ni bir xil maʼnoda ishlatsa boʻladimi?

Kundalik nutqda ha — ekzaminatorlar buning uchun ball kamaytirmaydi. "Climate change" kengroq va zamonaviyroq atama boʻlib, Speaking va Writing Task 2'da ham ishonchli ishlaydi.

Atrof-muhit mavzusida yaxshi ball olish uchun ilmiy lugʻat kerakmi?

Yoʻq. Soʻz boyligi (Lexical Resource) "carbon footprint" yoki "renewable energy" kabi aniq va tabiiy collocationlarni, stress ostida notoʻgʻri ishlatilishi mumkin boʻlgan texnik atamalardan koʻra yuqori baholaydi.

Ushbu mavzuda eng koʻp uchraydigan lugʻat xatosi nima?

Deyarli har bir gapda "the environment is very important" va "we should protect nature" iborasini takrorlash. Ot birikmasi va feʼlni oʻzgartirib turish soʻz boyligini yuqori saqlaydi.

Boshqa mavzular

Barcha lugʻat mavzulari →